Effects of Winter: Mood, Behavior, and Climate Changes
What comes to mind when you think of winter? Snowballs? Gloves? Reindeer? For much of the Northern Hemisphere, winter means colder temperatures, shorter days, and year-end holidays.
Along with these changes, a growing body of research in psychology and related fields suggests that the winter season also brings some profound changes in how people think, feel, and behave.
Identifying seasonal trends in populations is one thing, but understanding the reasons for their existence is much more difficult. Some of the effects of winter are linked to cultural norms and practices, while others likely reflect our bodies’ biological responses to climate and environmental changes. The natural and cultural changes that accompany winter often occur simultaneously, making it difficult to separate the causes of these seasonal effects.
Do you feel down during the winter months? You’re not alone. As the days get shorter, the American Psychological Association estimates that about 5% of Americans will experience a type of depression called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD.
We recently conducted a comprehensive survey of these findings with our colleagues Alexandra Wormley and Mark Schiller. Various studies have found that problems such as mood swings, low energy, increased need for sleep and social isolation are common during the winter season.
Biological responses
With the change in weather, our bodies also experience certain biological responses. In winter, due to less light, our bodies produce higher levels of melatonin, a hormone responsible for sleep. Similarly, serotonin levels decrease, which is important for happiness and mood. These biological changes can have a profound effect on our mood and behavior.
Cultural influences
Cultural factors also play a role in the winter season. End-of-year holidays, such as Christmas and New Year’s celebrations, can cause both social interaction and emotional stress. Some people find these holidays joyful, while for others, this time can lead to loneliness and depression.
Changes in the weather have a profound impact not only on our environment but also on our bodies and minds. Understanding the effects of winter can help us take better care of our mental and physical health. If you feel sad or lack energy during the winter months, it’s important to know that you’re not alone and that help is available.
With the changes in the weather, understanding yourself better and taking appropriate steps can improve your well-being.
